Gen Z Money Statistics (2026)

Gen Z (born roughly 1997-2012, so adults about 18-28 in 2026) is hard to measure precisely, because most federal data is published by age band, not generation. So the figures here use the closest primary proxies: the Fed's "18-29" band, or "under 35" for net worth.

Where only industry surveys exist (crypto ownership, homeownership by cohort, financial stress), those are flagged, they're useful but less rigorous than government data. With that caveat, a clear picture emerges: Gen Z invests earlier, owns less, leans into crypto, and feels squeezed.

Young Americans' wealth has swung hard. The median net worth of families under 35 (the best available Gen Z proxy) jumped 143% from $16,100 in 2019 to $39,000 in 2022, then fell 23% to $33,000 in the Fed's 2025 survey (in 2025 dollars, from $42,700). Mean net worth fell 33% to $135,400 (see the table below).

The Fed attributes the decline mainly to the unwinding of business equity gains made between 2019 and 2022. Under-35s saw the steepest drop of any age band, while families 75 and older posted the biggest gains. It's still the lowest-net-worth age band, which is normal since wealth builds over a lifetime. See our net worth by age page for the full age curve.

Gen Z's defining trait as investors is starting young. They began investing at an average age of 19, versus 25 for millennials and 35 for boomers, a generational leap, driven by commission-free apps and more financial education in school (see the chart and table below).

Yet they still own less overall: just 31% of 18-29-year-olds own stock, versus 62% of the 30-64 group. The paradox resolves once you realize many have started but with small amounts, and many still have no account at all.

The tools and habits are distinct. Robinhood is the single most-used investing app among Gen Z investors (about 32%), and roughly 65% of Robinhood's customer assets belong to people under 43.

In the Fed's 2025 survey, 38% of non-retired 18-29-year-olds had a tax-preferred retirement account, and 18% of 18-24-year-olds held stocks, bonds, ETFs or mutual funds outside one. Gen Z also checks investments more often and is more likely to day-trade and trade options than older cohorts, a higher-engagement, higher-risk style.

Gen Z is the crypto generation in a literal sense: it's the only cohort more likely to own cryptocurrency (20-24% currently) than individual stocks (18%) (see the chart and table below).

The numbers vary wildly by survey and wording, one survey found ~51% of Gen Z have owned crypto at some point, versus 20% "own now", so any single figure needs its qualifier. But the direction is clear: crypto is a first-class asset for this generation in a way it isn't for older ones.

Retirement saving is starting, from a low base. About 38% of non-retired 18-29-year-olds had a retirement account in 2025 (Fed SHED), and DC and IRA participation among families under 35 rose from 42% in 2016 to near 50% in 2025 (Fed SCF). Among under-35 families with these accounts, the mean balance was $48,400 in 2025, down from $53,800 in 2022. Among Gen Z savers at Fidelity the average 401(k) balance was about $13,500 at the end of 2024.

The encouraging signal is momentum: Gen Z savers who contributed for five straight years averaged $52,900, up 66% in a year, and young-worker plan participation is at record levels. The habit, more than the balance, is what matters at this age.

The Fed's well-being survey gives the most rigorous picture (see the table below). About 63% of 18-29-year-olds said they were "doing okay" or "living comfortably" financially in 2025, down 3 points from 2024 and well below the 83% of adults 60 and over.

Only 22% of non-retirees in this age group felt their retirement savings were on track, and 47% had received help from someone outside their household to pay an expense in the prior year, most often a cell phone bill (30%), general expenses (26%), or housing costs (23%). Independence is arriving later.

The clearest stress signal is thin emergency savings. Only 37% of 18-29-year-olds had three months of expenses saved in 2025, the lowest of any adult age band (versus 71% of those 60 and over). In the 2024 survey, the latest with an age breakdown, just 45% of 18-29s could cover a $400 emergency with cash; for all adults the share was 63% in 2025 (see the chart above).

This fragility is the flip side of low net worth and early careers: a single unexpected bill can force borrowing or family help. It's also why the emergency-fund-first advice matters most for this group. See our average savings by age page for the fuller savings picture.

Day-to-day money stress is widespread. About 42% of Gen Z live paycheck to paycheck, rising to 51% for the "middle" 23-25 group, and 49% cite the high cost of living as a top barrier to financial success (see the table below).

They're responding actively: 69% made changes to cope with rising costs (cutting dining out, cheaper groceries, side hustles), and about two-thirds are currently saving, up from 60% a year earlier. The stress is real, but so is the effort.

On student loans, Gen Z is in a comparatively better spot than the narrative suggests. Their average balance, about $21,670, is the lowest of any generation, and fewer are borrowing: 42% of 18-29-year-olds who attended college took on debt, down from 55% in 2017.

But they're now the largest single share of all borrowers (35%), and their debt is growing fastest. See our student loan debt page for the full breakdown of balances, delinquency, and forgiveness.

Homeownership is where the affordability squeeze bites hardest. Gen Z's overall rate rose to 27.1% in 2025 from 26.1% in 2024, after stalling that year, a gain Redfin describes as a trickle rather than a flood (see the table below).

The nuance: Gen Z is now ahead of millennials at the same age, 38.3% of 28-year-old Gen Zers own homes versus 36.8% of millennials at 28. But they still trail Gen X (42.5%) and boomers (44.4%) at that age, showing how much harder the ladder has gotten than it was a generation ago.

Gen Z is out-earning prior generations at the same age, in nominal terms. Median starting salaries were around $58,500 in 2024 (up 6% year over year), and full-time workers aged 20-24 had median earnings around $41,400.

Those are healthy figures, but they collide with elevated housing, healthcare, and childcare costs, which is why higher pay hasn't translated into more financial security for many. See our cost of living page for what that income has to cover.

The Gen Z money story is a tension between two forces. On one side, an enormous structural advantage: they're investing earlier than any generation before, and time is the single most powerful variable in building wealth. A dollar invested at 19 compounds far longer than one invested at 35.

On the other side, real fragility: thin emergency savings, paycheck-to-paycheck living, and a brutal housing market. The path forward is the one the data keeps pointing to: build a starter emergency fund first, then invest consistently in low-cost, diversified funds (not just crypto), and let the decades of runway do the work. Gen Z's biggest asset isn't a balance, it's time.