Retirement Accounts Explained: 401(k), IRA, Roth, HSA
Last updated June 2026
Short answer
The account you invest through matters as much as what you buy. This hub explains 401(k)s, IRAs, Roth accounts, and HSAs, with contribution limits and the key comparisons. It is educational, and Walnut is not an investment adviser.
These guides explain each retirement and tax-advantaged account type, this year's contribution limits, and the comparisons people ask about most, in plain language.
Account types
FAQ
What is the difference between a 401(k) and an IRA?
A 401(k) is offered through an employer and usually has higher contribution limits and possible matching; an IRA is opened on your own with more investment choice but lower limits. Many people use both. See our IRA vs 401(k) guide.
Should I use a Roth or traditional account?
Roth accounts are funded with after-tax money and grow tax-free; traditional accounts give a tax break now and are taxed on withdrawal. The right choice depends on your tax situation now versus in retirement. This is educational, not tax advice.
What are this year's contribution limits?
Limits change annually and differ by account. This hub has current-limit pages for 401(k)s, IRAs, and HSAs; always verify the latest figures with the IRS or your provider.
Is an HSA a retirement account?
An HSA is a health savings account, but because unspent funds roll over and can be invested, many people use it as an extra retirement account. See our HSA guide.
Walnut is informational and is not an investment adviser. This is educational, not tax advice; verify current limits and rules with the IRS or your provider. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security.