ETF Guides

Plain-English deep dives on the largest and most-traded ETFs. Each guide covers what's inside, the fund's costs and performance, the perennial comparisons (VOO vs SPY, QQQ vs QQQM, etc.), and how to use the ETF as a building block in a Walnut basket.

VOO

Vanguard S&P 500 ETF

The S&P 500 in one ticker. Now the largest ETF in the world by AUM, with one of the lowest expense ratios of any equity fund.

SPY

SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust

The original S&P 500 ETF and still the most-traded equity ETF in the world. Higher expense ratio than VOO/IVV but unmatched options liquidity.

QQQ

Invesco QQQ Trust

The Nasdaq-100 in one ticker. Tech-heavy growth exposure and the most popular vehicle for big-tech beta.

VTI

Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF

Every US-listed stock in one ticker. Broader than VOO, the same large-caps at the top plus small and mid-caps below.

SMH

VanEck Semiconductor ETF

Concentrated bet on the 25 largest US-listed semiconductor companies. Tighter and more top-heavy than SOXX.

SOXX

iShares Semiconductor ETF

Broader semiconductor ETF than SMH. Holds ~30 names with more balanced weighting across the top of the fund.

VGT

Vanguard Information Technology ETF

Broad US technology sector in one ticker. Includes semiconductors, software, and IT services at the cheapest expense ratio in the category.

XLK

Technology Select Sector SPDR Fund

The S&P 500 technology sector. More concentrated at the top than VGT and uses a select-sector methodology.

SCHD

Schwab US Dividend Equity ETF

Quality-tilted dividend ETF. Screens for cash flow durability and dividend growth, not just headline yield.

VYM

Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF

Broad high-yield dividend ETF. More diversified than SCHD with a less aggressive quality screen.

ITA

iShares US Aerospace & Defense ETF

US aerospace and defense in one ticker. The standard passive vehicle for defense modernization exposure.

XLY

Consumer Discretionary Select Sector SPDR Fund

The S&P 500 consumer discretionary sector. Amazon and Tesla dominate the top of the fund.

XLI

Industrial Select Sector SPDR Fund

The S&P 500 industrials sector. Aerospace, machinery, defense, transports, and infrastructure all together.

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    ETF Guides, Holdings, Performance, How to Buy, Walnut